At the end of last year, after more than 20 years, archaeologists restarted the Shijiahe site in Hubei. From the end of November to the present, more than 240 exquisite jade articles were unearthed at the site. Experts have found that these exquisite jade articles have a history of more than 4,000 years. It is said to be a prehistoric jade in the history of jade.
The discovery of prehistoric jade in the Shijiahe ruins means rewriting the Chinese understanding of jade culture. In the past, jade scholars recognized two prehistoric jade articles, one is the Hongshan culture in Liaoning, and the other is the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Liangzhu culture. Now the amazing discovery of the Shijiahe site, then three cultural sites, who is the hometown of jade? Come and argue with Baojie!
I. Shijiahe Culture
Located in Tianmen City, Hubei Province, the Shijiahe Site is the largest and most preserved Neolithic site in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It has a history of 6,500 years and reached its peak in about 4,300 years ago. Shijiahe culture also represents the highest level of prehistoric civilization discovery in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and is one of the origins of Chinese civilization.
In November 2015, archaeologists discovered nine funeral burials in the Tanjialing area of ​​the ancient city of Shijiahe. Five of them were buried with jade articles. A total of more than 240 pieces of fine jade articles were found, including jade, jade, and double heads. And the grimace seat double-headed eagle and so on. These jade articles are not only unique in style, but also rich in type and rich in life.
More importantly, the number of jade articles discovered this time is huge, and the level of craftsmanship is extremely high. The carving methods such as round carving and openwork carving represent the top level of jade culture at that time. For example, the nine burial jade tigers found in a funeral, each about 3 cm long and about 1 cm wide and small, are small in size and work fine. It is hard to imagine the primitive society from more than 4,000 years ago.
Second, Hongshan culture
Hongshan culture is also one of the earliest cultural origins of Chinese civilization. It is located in the western part of Liaoning and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia. It originated from about 5,000 BC and is the earliest known civilization in China. It runs through the matriarchal clan to the paternal clan. Excessive, both fine stone and Neolithic culture, is the most representative of the original stone civilization.
In the decades since the discovery of Hongshan culture, many vivid jade articles have been discovered, the most famous of which is the large jade dragon discovered in the Samsung Tara area of ​​Wengniute Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. This jade dragon is carved with jasper and shaped. Simple, but it represents the combination of jade culture and traditional culture, and has also become the "Chinese first dragon" by the archaeological community.
In addition, after research, it is found that the jade articles in Hongshan culture have typical cultural attributes. The Yellow Emperor Totem recorded in the ancient Chinese literature has the corresponding jade of Hongshan culture, and Yulong and Yufeng are also the most respected in Hongshan. Jade. In addition, a variety of jade articles have been discovered in the Hongshan area, including jade, jade, jade turtle, jade, jade bird, jade, jade ring, fish-shaped jade, joint ring jade and so on.
Third, Liangzhu culture
Liangzhu Culture is a Neolithic culture mainly distributed in the Taihu Basin of China. It is also known as the Liangzhu Site, which is about 5,000 years old. The Liangzhu Cultural Site was discovered in the 1930s and is mainly distributed in Liangzhu Town of Yuhang County. It is a pioneer of Neolithic civilization in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Speaking of Liangzhu culture, the biggest factor of concern is the unearthed jade. A large number of jade articles were unearthed in the tombs of Liangzhu site, including ç’§, ç®, é’º, ç’œ, crown, three-fork jade, jade bracelet. , jade tube, jade beads, jade pendant, cylindrical jade, conical jade, jade belt and ring. Among the funerary objects in the Liangzhu tombs, the jade articles actually accounted for more than 90%, which is enough to see that the jade is already a symbol of wealth.
The most representative of the jade in Liangzhu culture is the jade, which is generally square in shape with a round hole in the middle and a decorative ornament around it. In ancient civilizations, jade is a jade used for sacrificing the land. There is a saying of "the sky of the sky, the land of the yellow sacred land", and the most important thing about the jade unearthed in the Liangzhu culture is the twelve sections of the jade and the gods. Jade king.
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