Ruby, also known as corundum, is composed of aluminum oxide. It is a granular or lumbar crystal with a hardness of only diamond. Ruby is brilliant red because it contains chrome. Sapphire is a generic name for corundum gemstones in addition to red rubies in corundum gemstones. The main component is alumina (al2o3).
Both the West and the East have been cherished for rubies and sapphires since ancient times, and they believe that they have a magical power. There are many rubies and sapphires in ancient Egyptian, Greek, Roman temples and palaces. They are the gem of the ancient civilization of the continent, and they have spread to these countries through the development of trade between countries. Built in 585 BC, Myanmar's "Ruiguang Shwedagon Pagoda" is set with 2,317 rubies and sapphires. Because Myanmar is rich in these noble treasures, the tower is also regarded as an important symbol of ancient Eastern civilization.
In ancient times, people lacked scientific knowledge and did not know much about the composition and structure of gemstones. They called red rubies as rubies and blue gemstones as sapphires. Therefore, the ancient so-called rubies, including red corundum, red spinel, red garnet, etc., such as the famous black prince ruby ​​still inlaid in the crown of the workmanship today is actually red spinel. The so-called sapphire includes blue corundum, blue pointed stone, blue tourmaline and aquamarine.
In our country, it is said that the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai, had wanted to use a city to exchange for an unusually large ruby ​​owned by the lord of the king. He did not want the monarch to be unmoved, claiming that even the world’s wealth would be placed. At his feet, he is not willing to separate from the big ruby. China's Qing Dynasty rubies and sapphires are used as royal pets, and the Qing Dynasty rubies are the wearers of emperors and elites. It can be seen that the ruby ​​is supreme. In the funerary of Empress Dowager Cixi, there are known a pair of ruby ​​beads, 60 ruby ​​apricots, 40 ruby ​​dates, 27 ruby ​​Buddhas, and 3,790 ruby ​​and sapphire ornaments of various shapes. Among them, there are 18 large sapphire weighing 68 carats, and there are countless sapphires weighing about 7 carats. Among so many rubies, some are not real rubies, but red spinels.
The history and culture of rubies and sapphires, people love rubies, and regard it as a symbol of love, enthusiasm and noble morality. Legend has it that people wearing rubies will live long and healthy lives, love and family harmony.
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